Zigbee is a low-power, low-data-rate, wireless communication protocol designed primarily for short-range, device-to-device communication in smart environments like homes, buildings, and factories.

Key Features of Zigbee
Low Power Consumption
Ideal for battery-operated devices like sensors, switches, and thermostats.
Mesh Networking
Devices can relay messages for each other, expanding coverage and improving reliability.
Fast & Lightweight
Designed for quick communication in small bursts—perfect for sensors and control devices.
Secure Communication
Supports AES-128 encryption to ensure data privacy.
 Range
~10–100 meters (can be extended via mesh nodes).
Operates on 2.4 GHz ISM Band
Globally available, minimal licensing needed.

Zigbee Network Architecture
Coordinator
Starts the network and manages devices
Only one per network
Router
Forwards data to extend network coverage
Can connect to other routers or end devices
End Devices
Battery-powered sensors or actuators
Communicate only with a parent router or coordinator

Common Use Cases
Smart Home Automation
– Lights, thermostats, door locks, plugs, blinds
Smart Buildings
– HVAC control, occupancy sensing, access control
Smart Lighting Systems
– Adaptive lighting, remote control, energy savings
Security & Safety Systems
– Motion detectors, alarms, smoke & gas detectors

Zigbee vs. LoRaWAN (Quick Comparison)
Feature                 Zigbee                          LoRaWAN
Range                   Short (10–100 m)      Long (2–15 km)
Topology               Mesh                         Star (via gateways)
Power Efficiency    High                         Very High
Data Rate              Moderate                   Low
Ideal For                Local automation       Remote sensing